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Royal Thai Navy

Royal Thai Navy
กองทัพเรือไทย
Emblem of the Royal Thai Navy.svg
Emblem of the Royal Thai Navy
Active8 April 1887 (131 years)
CountryThailand
AllegianceHM The King of Thailand
TypeNavy
Size71,000 Active personnel
(53,000 Navy personnel)
(18,000 Marine Infantry)
Part ofRoyal Thai Armed Forces
Garrison/HQSattahip, Chonburi (Main base)
Bangkok Noi, Bangkok (Headquarters)
Nickname(s)ราชนาวี (Raj Navy)
Motto(s)ร่วมเครือนาวี จักยลปฐพีไพศาล (Join the Navy to see the world)
ColoursNavy blue
Marchเพลงราชนาวี
(Navy March)
เพลงดอกประดู่
(Dok Pradu Song)
Anniversaries20 November 1906:
Royal Thai Navy Day
4 September: Submarine Memorial Day[1]
EngagementsFranco-Siamese War
World War I
French-Thai War (Battle of Koh Chang)
World War II
Korean War
Palace Rebellion
Manhattan Rebellion
Vietnam War
Piracy in the Strait of Malacca
Piracy in Somalia
2015 Rohingya refugee crisis
Commanders
Commander-in-chiefAdmiral Luechai Rutdit
Notable
commanders		King Pin-Klao
Prince of Chumphon
Sangad Chaloryu
Insignia
FlagFlag of the Royal Thai Navy.svg
Naval jack and unit colourNaval Jack of Thailand.svg
Naval ensignNaval Ensign of Thailand.svg
Fin flashRoyal Thai Navy Aircraft Marking.svg

The Royal Thai Navy or RTN (Thai: กองทัพเรือไทย; RTGS: Kong Thap Ruea Thai) is the naval force of Thailand and part of the Royal Thai Armed Forces. It was established in the late-19th century. Similar to the organisational structure of the United States, the Royal Thai Navy includes the naval fleet and the Royal Thai Marine Corps. The Royal Thai Navy operates out of Sattahip Naval Base in Sattahip Bay. Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country that operates an aircraft carrier, though it is used as a pure helicopter carrier with the retirement of its Harrier fighter wing.[2][3] Thailand was the second Asian nation to acquire submarines, following Japan, but has had no submarines since 1950.

The United States Navy and Royal Thai Navy conduct the annual joint operation Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT). CARAT is an annual series of bilateral maritime training exercises of the US Navy and the armed forces of Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, and Philippines.

Budget[]

In fiscal year 2018 (FY2018) the navy's budget is 43,835 million baht.[4]

History[]

Main article: Military history of Thailand

Origin[]

Franco-Siamese War[]

Main article: Paknam incident

World War I[]

Main article: Siam in World War I

After World War I[]

HTMS Matchanu and Wirun at Kobe Port, 1938
HTMS Thonburi, 1938

French-Thai War[]

Main article: Battle of Ko Chang

World War II[]

Main article: Thailand in World War II

During World War 2, Siam allied with Japan after Japan invaded Siam in 8 December 1941.

Afterwards, the Thai navy contracted the Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation to build Thai ships, submarines, & coastal defense.

Vietnam War[]

Main article: Vietnam War

In support of Vietnam during the Vietnam War, two Royal Thai Navy vessels undertook operations in South Vietnam.[additional citation(s) needed][5]

Current[]

HTMS Chakri Naruebet
HTMS Phutthaloetla Naphalai

The navy's combat forces included the Royal Fleet and the Royal Thai Marine Corps. The 130 vessels of the Royal Fleet included frigates equipped with surface-to-air missiles, fast attack craft armed with surface-to-surface missiles, large coastal patrol craft, coastal minelayers, coastal minesweepers, landing craft, and training ships.

The mission space of the Thailand navy includes the Thai Gulf and the Indian Ocean, which are separated by land, as well as rivers. Naval affairs were directed by the country's most senior admiral from his Bangkok headquarters. The naval commander in chief was supported by staff groups that planned and administered such activities as logistics, education and training, and various special services. The headquarters general staff functioned like those of corresponding staffs in the army and air force command structures.

RTN response to criticism[]

A 20 April 2014 Bangkok Post orial said that a major news agency won the Pulitzer Prize for their work exposing Thailand's involvement in the trafficking of Myanmar's oppressed Rohingya minority through what it called a "tropical gulag". The next day, two journalists running a small, independent website in Phuket were formally indicted for criminally defaming the Royal Thai Navy by quoting part of the award-winning report. "Phuketwan or Alan Morison and journalist Chutima Sidasathian, who had played a substantial role in the Reuters investigation, had to worry about the threat of seven years in jail and whether they would be granted bail".[6] The lawsuit was not dropped.[7] Phuketwan spent years defending itself and eventually won in 2015 but had to close down because its funds were exhausted.[8]

Command and control[]

The Royal Thai Navy is commanded by the Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Navy, currently Admiral Na Arreenich, who was appointed in 2015. The Royal Thai Navy headquarters is in Bangkok.

List of commanders[]

Main article: List of Commanders of the Royal Thai Navy

Organisation[]

Naval Area Commands[]

Navy Cadet Regiment, King's Guards of Royal Thai Navy in the royal funeral procession of Princess Bejaratana Rajasuda

The Royal Thai Navy operates three naval area commands:

Branches[]

Royal Thai Navy AAV-7A1 amphibious assault vehicles, during Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT) 2008
Royal Thai Navy Riverine Sailors and U.S. Navy Sailors from Riverine Squadron ONE aboard Thai riverine patrol boats during Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT) Thailand 2010

Royal Thai Naval Air and Coastal Defence Command[]

Coastal Defence Command was formed in 1992 under the control of the Royal Fleet Headquarters, with one coastal defence regiment (equipped with 155 mm artillery) and one air defence regiment (equipped with 40 mm and 37 mm anti-aircraft guns as well as HN-5A MANPADs). Personnel were initially drawn from the Royal Thai Marine Corps, but are now being recruited directly. The First Coastal Defence Regiment is based near the Marine Corps facility at Sattahip. The First Air Defence Regiment was near the Naval Air Wing at Utapao. Coastal Defence Command was greatly expanded in 1992, following the government's decision in 1988 to charge the RTN with the responsibility of defending the entire eastern seaboard and Southern Seaboard Development Project. The Second Air Defence Regiment, based at Songkhla, was then formed the following year. Some analysts believe that this element will eventually grow to a strength of up to 15,000 personnel.[9] They are interested in S-300 or S-400 SAMs to upgrade their air defence system.

District forces[]

Royal Thai Navy is located in Thailand
Sattahip Naval Base
Sattahip Naval Base
Bangkok Naval Base
Bangkok Naval Base
Phangnga Naval Base
Phangnga Naval Base
Songkhla Naval Base
Songkhla Naval Base
Phuket Naval Base
Phuket Naval Base
Samui Naval Base
Samui Naval Base
Trat Naval Base
Trat Naval Base
Thai Navy Bases District Forces

Naval aviation[]

The RTN has two air wings, operating 40 fixed-wing aircraft and 30 helicopters from U-Tapao, Songkhla, and Phuket. The First Royal Thai Navy wing has four squadrons; the Second Royal Thai Navy wing has three squadrons.

Other forces[]

The Royal Thai Navy also consists of a Royal Thai Marine Corps division, an Air and Coastal Defence Division, Naval Special Warfare Command and a Riverine Patrol Regiment.

Naval Medical Department[]

The Naval Medical Department was first set up on 1 April 1890 and is currently headquartered at Somdet Phra Pinklao Hospital in Bangkok. It provides medical services for soldiers in the Royal Thai Navy and operates a number of hospitals in Thailand including Queen Sirikit Naval Hospital in Chonburi.

Rank structure[]

Main article: Military ranks of the Thai armed forces
Equivalent
NATO Code		 OF-10 OF-9 OF-8 OF-7 OF-6 OF-5 OF-4 OF-3 OF-2 OF-1 Cadet Officer
Officer
ranks 		RTN OF-10 (Admiral of the Fleet).svg RTN OF-9 (Admiral).svg RTN OF-8 (Vice Admiral).svg RTN OF-7 (Rear Admiral).svg RTN OF-6 (Commodore).svg RTN OF-5 (Captain).svg RTN OF-4 (Commander).svg RTN OF-3 (Lieutenant Commander).svg RTN OF-2 (Lieutenant).svg RTN OF-1b (Lieutenant Junior Grade).svg RTN OF-1a (Sub-Lieutenant).svg
จอมพลเรือ พลเรือเอก พลเรือโท พลเรือตรี พลเรือจัตวา1 นาวาเอก นาวาโท นาวาตรี เรือเอก เรือโท เรือตรี นักเรียนนายเรือ
Admiral of the Fleet Admiral Vice Admiral Rear Admiral Commodore
or
Rear Admiral
(lower half)1 		Captain Commander Lieutenant Commander Lieutenant Lieutenant
Junior Grade 		Sub Lieutenant Midshipman
Equivalent
NATO Code		 OR-9 OR-8 OR-7 OR-5 OR-4 OR-3 OR-1
Enlisted
ranks 		RTN OR-9 (Chief Petty Officer 1st Class).svg RTN OR-9 (Chief Petty Officer 1st Class).svg RTN OR-8 (Chief Petty Officer 2nd Class).svg RTN OR-7 (Chief Petty Officer 3rd Class).svg RTN OR-5 (Petty Officer 1st Class).svg RTN OR-4 (Petty Officer 2nd Class).svg RTN OR-3 (Petty Officer 3rd Class).svg No insignia
พันจ่าเอกพิเศษ พันจ่าเอก พันจ่าโท พันจ่าตรี จ่าเอก จ่าโท จ่าตรี พลทหาร
Chief Petty
Officer 1st Class 		Chief Petty
Officer 1st Class 		Chief Petty
Officer 2nd Class 		Chief Petty
Officer 3rd Class 		Petty Officer
1st Class 		Petty Officer
2nd Class 		Petty Officer
3rd Class 		Seaman apprentice

Equipment[]

Main article: List of equipment in Royal Thai Navy

Fleet[]

Class Photo Origin Hull No./Commissioned Displacement Notes
Aircraft carrier (1 in service)
Chakri Naruebet
DN-SD-03-08801-1-.JPG
  Spain
Empresa Nacional Bazán 		HTMS Chakri Naruebet/1997 11,486 tonnes Armament:
Frigate (6 in service+(2) u/c)
DW 3000F class[10]  South Korea
DSME 		HTMS Bhumibol Adulyadej
(FFG-471) (Name changed from HTMS Tachin)[11][12] 		3,700 tonnes Multi-role stealth frigate.

Armament:

 Thailand
Mahidol Adulyadej Naval Dockyard

(Technology transfer)[13]


HTMS Prasae
(FFG-472)
Type 025T class
HTMS Naresuan in Hong Kong.JPG
  China CSSC (Mod)
 Thailand (Design) 		HTMS Naresuan
(FFG-421)/1995
HTMS Taksin
(FFG-422)/1995 		2,985 tonnes Guided missile frigate.

Armament:

Type 053HT class
US Navy 101007-N-9643S-018 HTMS Kraburi (457) - 2010.jpg
  China CSSC HTMS Chao Phraya
(FFG-455)/1995
HTMS Bangpakong
(FFG-456)/1995
HTMS Kraburi
(FFG-457)/1995
HTMS Saiburi
(FFG-458)/1995 		1,924 tonnes Guided missile frigate.

Armament:

Corvettes (7 in service)
Ratanakosin class
HTMS Rattanakosin (FSG 441).jpg
  United States
Tacoma Boat 		FS 441/1986
FS 442/1987 		960 tonnes Guided missile corvette.

Armament:

Tapi class  United States
American Shipbuilding 		FF 431/1971
FF 432/1974 		1,191 tonnes Anti-submarine warfare corvette.

Armament:

Khamronsin class  Thailand
Mahidol Adulyadej Naval Dockyard and Italthai Marine 		FS 531/1992
FS 532/1992
FS 533/1992 		630 tonnes Anti-submarine warfare corvette.

Armament:

Offshore Patrol vessels (9 in service)
River-class (OPV)
RAN-IFR 2013 D3 43.JPG
  United Kingdom
Vosper Thornycroft
 Thailand
Bangkok Dock 		HTMS Krabi
(OPV-551)/2013
HTMS Prachuap Khiri Khan
(OPV-552)/2018[14] 		1,969 tonnes Armament:
Pattani class (OPV)  China CSSC (Build)
 Thailand (Design) 		HTMS Pattani
(OPV-511)/2005
HTMS Naratiwat
(OPV-512)/2005 		1,460 tonnes Armament:
Makut Rajakumarn class  United Kingdom
Yarrow Shipbuilders 		FF 433/1973 1,900 tonnes Currently used as Offshore Patrol Vessel and/or training role.

Armament:

M58 class  Thailand
Marsun Shipbuilding 		HTMS Laemsing/2016 520 tonnes This new class of Patrol Boat is expected to replace Hua hin class ships: HTMS Huahin (541), HTMS Klang (542) and HTMS Sriracha (543).[15] According to the Navy’s Strategic Plan 2008 – 2017 Royal Thai Navy will add this series with another three boat.

Armament:

Hua Hin class
HTMS Klang - PC 542
  Thailand
Asian Marine Services and Mahidol Adulyadej Naval Dockyard
 China (Design) 		PC 541/2001
PC 542/2001
PC 543/2001 		590 tonnes Chinese design built in Thailand.

Armament:

Fast Attack Craft (42 in service)
BMB-230 Class  Italy
Cantiere Navale Breda 		FAC 321/1979
FAC 322/1979
FAC 323/1979 		270 tonnes

Armament:

FPB-45 Class  Singapore
ST Marine 		FAC 311/1976
FAC 312/1976
FAC 313/1977 		263 tonnes Similar to Singapore Navy's Seawolf-class missile gunboats (a design based on the West Germany's Lürssen TNC45 FAC[17]).

Armament:

MV400 Class  Italy
Cantiere Navale Breda 		FAC 331/1983
FAC 332/1983
FAC 333/1983 		450 tonnes same as Rajcharit class except 76/62 gun in the y position replacing of SSM

Armament:

PSMM Mk.5 Class  Thailand
Italthai Marine 		PC 521/1983
PC 522/1984
PC 523/1985
PC 524/1985
PC 525/1985
PC 526/1986 		300 tonnes Armament:
Tor 991 class  Thailand
Mahidol Adulyadej Naval Dockyard and Marsun Shipbuilding 		T.991/2007
T.992/2007
T.993/2007 		186 tonnes Armament:
Tor 994 class  Thailand
Mahidol Adulyadej Naval Dockyard and Marsun Shipbuilding 		T.994/2011
T.995/2011
T.996/2011 		186 tonnes Armament:
M36 class  Thailand
Marsun Shipbuilding 		T.111/2014
T.112/2014
T.113/2014 		150 tonnes Armament:
M21 class  Thailand
Marsun Shipbuilding 		T.228/2013
T.229/2013
T.230/2013
T.232/2016
T.233/2016
T.234/2016
T.235/2016
T.236/2016
T.237/2016
T.261/2017
T.262/2017
T.263/2017
T.264/2017
T.265/2018
T.266/2018
T.267/2018
T.268/2018
T.269/2018 		45 tonnes Armament:
Training Ship/Salute Ship (1 in service)
Cannon class DE  United States
Western Pipe and Steel Company 		HTMS Pin Klao/1959 1,620 tonnes Former USS Hemminger (DE-746). Currently used as salute ship.

Armament:

Amphibious warfare ship (3 in service)
Endurance class
Thai landing ship Angthong (LPD 791) in February 2016.JPG
  Singapore
ST Marine 		HTMS Angthong/2012 7,600 tonnes Armament:
Normed PS 700 class
US Navy 100203-N-6692A-154 The Royal Thai Navy medium landing ship HTMS Surin (LST 722) transits the Gulf of Thialand.jpg
  Thailand
Italthai Marine and Bangkok Dock 		LST 721/1987
LST 722/1988 		4,520 tonnes Armament:
Landing Craft Utility (9 in service)
Marsun M55 class  Thailand
Marsun Shipbuilding 		LCU 784/2010
LCU 785/2010 		550 tonnes Armament:
Thongkaeo class  Thailand
Bangkok Dock 		LCU 771/1982
LCU 772/1983
LCU 773/1983
LCU 774/1983 		396 tonnes Armament:
Mannok class
HTMS Mun Klang (782).jpg
  Thailand
Silkline International - Australian Submarine Corporation (ASC) Joint Venture 		LCU 781/?
LCU 782/?
LCU 783/? 		550 tonnes Armament:
Replenishment ships (9 in service)
HTMS Similan  China
CSSC 		AOR 871/1996 22,000 tonnes
Jula class(ll)  Singapore
Singmarine Shipyard 		YO 831/1980 1,661 tonnes
YOG-5 Class  United States
Albina Engine and Machine Works 		YO 832/1947 1,235 tonnes
Prong class  Thailand
Mahidol Adulyadej Naval Dockyard 		YO 833/? 412 tonnes
Proet class  Thailand
Mahidol Adulyadej Naval Dockyard 		YO 834/1969
YO 835/1970 		410 tonnes
Matra class  Thailand
Marsun Shipbuilding 		YO ???/2014 500 tonnes
Chuang class
HTMS Chik (YO 842) Hua Hin Thailand (18155925029) (cropped).jpg
  Thailand
Mahidol Adulyadej Naval Dockyard 		YO 841/1966
YO 842/1974 		360 tonnes
Minesweeper ships (7 in service)
MSC-289 class  United States
Dorchester Shipbuilding and Peterson Builders 		MSC 612/1965
MSC 613/1965 		384 tonnes
HTMS Thalang  Thailand
Bangkok Dock 		MCS 621/1980 1,095 tonnes
M48 class  Germany
Friedrich Lurssen Werft 		MCS 631/1987
MCS 632/1987 		444 tonnes
Gaeta class  Italy
Intermarine SpA 		MCS 633/1999
MCS 634/2000 		697 tonnes
Research and survey vessels (3 in service)
HTMS Chan  Germany
Friedrich Lurssen Werft 		AGOR 811/1961 996 tonnes
HTMS Sok  Thailand
Bangkok Dock 		AGOR 812/1982 1,526 tonnes
HTMS Paruehasabordee  Thailand
Unithai Shipbuilding and Engineering - Shelde Naval Shipbuilding Joint Venture 		AGOR 813/2008 1,636 tonnes
Tugboats (6 in service)
Rin class  Singapore
Singmarine Shipyard 		YTM 853/1981
YTM 854/1981 		421 tonnes
Samsan class  Thailand
Mahidol Adulyadej Naval Dockyard 		YTM 855/1994
YTM 856/1994 		385 tonnes
Klungbadan class  Canada
Canadian Bridge 		YTL 851/1954
YTL 852/1954 		80 tonnes

Future fleet[]

Vessel Origin Type Class Displacement Status Notes
Submarine
Type S26T Class  China
Submarine Yuan-class modified On Surface: 2,725 tonnes
Dive: 3,600 tonnes 		As of 4 Sep 2018, under construction.[18] Delivery: c. 2023
Chalawan Class Midget submarine  Thailand
Midget submarine Chalawan (unofficial) 150-300 tonnes In 193 million baht design phase Crew: 10: Range: 300 km; Cost: 1 billion baht; Delivery c. 2024[19]
Frigate
HTMS Bhumibol Adulyadej (FFG 471)  South Korea
 Thailand 		Multi-role stealth frigate DW 3000F class 3,700 tonnes Launched Delivery in 2018
HTMS Prasae (FFG 472) Multi-role stealth frigate DW 3000F class 3,700 tonnes Order Delivery in 202X
Patrol vessel
HTMS Prachuap Khiri Khan (OPV-552)  Thailand Offshore patrol vessel River class 1,900 tonnes Order Delivery in 2018[20]

Aircraft[]

Aircraft Photo Origin Type Quantity Notes
Dornier Do 228
Thai Navy Dornier 228-212.jpg
  Germany Maritime patrol aircraft 7 Also used in Royal Rain Project.
Fokker F.27-200/400
Fokker F.27 of the Royal Thai Navy at Khon Kaen-KKC, Thailand.jpg
  Netherlands Military transport, Maritime Attacker, ASW 2 Mk400
3 Mk200 		Equipped with Harpoon.
Lockheed Corporation P-3T/UP-3T
Orion.usnavy.750pix.jpg
  United States Maritime patrol aircraft, ASW 3 Version for Royal Thai Navy.
Canadair CL-215
Thailand - Navy Canadair CL-215B (CL-215-1A10).jpg
  Canada SAR, Firefighting 2
NAX Seaplane  Thailand Maritime patrol aircraft 2
GAF N.24A Normad
GAF Nomad VH-ATO.JPG
  Australia Military transport 5 Another airframe is in use for spares recovery.
Bell 212
US Navy 110216-N-4743B-095 Sailors direct a Royal Thai Navy Bell 212 helicopter aboard USS Essex (LHD 2).jpg
  United States Military transport 6
Bell 214ST
Bell214STSuperTransporterN724HT.JPG
  United States VIP, transport 5
Sikorsky S-76B
Royal Thai Navy Sikorksy S-76B.JPEG
 SAR, transport 5
Sikorsky SH-70B Seahawk
U.S. Sailors with the flight deck crew aboard the guided missile destroyer USS Curtis Wilbur (DDG 54) in the Gulf of Thailand conduct an in-flight refueling simulation with a Thai Navy S-70B Seahawk helicopter 130608-N-AX577-323.jpg
 ASW 6 HTMS Chakri Naruebet Flying Unit.
Sikorsky MH-60S Knighthawk
MH60S-Knighthawk.jpg
 Military transport 2 (+4) HTMS Chakri Naruebet Flying Unit.
AgustaWestland Super Lynx 300
Lynx helo 2.jpg
  United Kingdom Anti Ship 2
Airbus H145M
Eurocopter EC645.jpg
  Germany Military transport 5

Procurement plans[]

The Thai navy has been lobbying for submarines for years.[21] In January 2017 the Thai National Legislative Assembly tacitly approved the expenditure of 13.5 billion baht (US$383 million) to buy one Chinese S26T submarine, a derivative of China's Yuan Class Type 039A submarine.[22][23][24][25] The S26T submarines are diesel-powered with a displacement of 2,400-3,000 tonnes.[26] It is projected to be the first of a three-boat, US$1 billion acquisition.[24] The cabinet approved one submarine purchase on 18 April 2017 with a budget of 13.5 billion baht (US$393 million), including weapons systems, spare parts and technology transfer.[27] The sub is expected to be delivered in about 2023. The Thai navy's submarine squadron has trained in Germany and South Korea but has no submarines—its last sub was decommissioned in 1950. It does have a submarine headquarters: in July 2014 a US$17.3 million submarine headquarters and training center was opened at the Thai navy's largest port in Sattahip. Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha has explained that Thailand will buy submarines, "not for battle, but so that others will be in awe of us."[28] Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Gen Prawit Wongsuwon said that "...growing territorial threats and an increasing number of maritime missions has prompted the navy to strengthen its submarine units."[29] There are plans to base one submarine at Mahidol Adulyadej Naval Dockyard in Sattahip District, Chonburi, one at a submarine dockyard off the Sattahip coastline, and one on the Andaman coast, in either Krabi or Phang Nga.[29]

Humanitarian relief operations[]

Thailand worked with more than 60 nations in providing help to the Nepali people following an earthquake. Operation Sahayogi Haat ('helping hands') was a US military relief operation delivering humanitarian assistance to victims of the April and May 2015 Nepal earthquakes. The Royal Thai Navy assisted relief efforts.[30] A magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck the region of Kathmandu in Nepal on 25 April 2015. Operation Sahayogi Haat (Nepali: 'helping hands')[A] for humanitarian relief operations was put into action by Joint Task Force 505 on 6 May.[34]

See also[]

References[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ "US military earthquake relief efforts in Nepal led by Joint Task Force 505 have been named "Operation Sahayogi Haat", which means 'helping hand' in Nepali, by US Pacific Command based out of Camp H.M. Smith, Hawaii."[31][32][33]

Citations[]

  1. ^ Panrak, Patcharapol (2015-09-16). "Hoping again to become submariners, navy celebrates Submarine Day". Pattaya Mail. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  2. ^ "End of a Legend - Harrier Farewell". Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  3. ^ "Navy's 'toys' indefensible" (Editorial). Bangkok Post. 20 February 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
  4. ^ "THAILAND'S BUDGET IN BRIEF FISCAL YEAR 2018". Bureau of the Budget (Thailand) (Revised ed.). p. 84. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  5. ^ Cold War Southeast Asia. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  6. ^ "Navy must end its attack on reporters". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  7. ^ "Navy to extend lawsuit to Reuters". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  8. ^ "BBC journalist faces five years jail for Thailand reporting". Digital Journal. Agence-France Presse (AFP). 23 February 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  9. ^ John Pike. "Air and Coastal Defense Command". Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  10. ^ Nanuam, Wassana (21 April 2013). "S Korea to build Thai navy frigate". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  11. ^ "Frigate named after Rama IX". Bangkok Post (Smart Edition). 2019-01-05. p. 3. Retrieved 2019-01-05.
  12. ^ Nanuam, Wassana (2018-12-19). "Navy prepares to receive new ship". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2018-12-19.
  13. ^ "DSME-Royal Thai Navy make collaboration". Korea Marine Equipment. Retrieved 2018-12-19.
  14. ^ "Navy to build B5.5bn missile-equipped patrol vessel". Bangkok Post. 29 Feb 2016.
  15. ^ "Thai Shipyard Marsun to supply M58 Patrol Gun Boat for Royal Thai Navy". Navy Recognition. 2013-11-10.
  16. ^ "M58 Patrol Gun Boat". Marsun Shipbuilding. 2 July 2016.
  17. ^ "Naval vessels as built by Lurssen GmbH". Lurssen.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2011.[not specific enough to verify]
  18. ^ Wassana, Nanuam (2018-08-29). "Work to begin on China-sourced sub". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
  19. ^ Nanuam, Wassana (18 July 2018). "PM approves 'midget' subs for navy". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  20. ^ "Thai Navy May Build Second Patrol Boat Under BAE License". Defense News. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  21. ^ Parameswaran, Prashanth (2017-01-20). "When Are China's Submarines Coming to Thailand?". The Diplomat. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
  22. ^ Nanuam, Wassana (25 Apr 2017). "Submarine buy wins 'secret' nod". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
  23. ^ "Royal Thai Navy announces plan to buy Chinese Yuan-class submarines". IHS Jane's 360. 3 July 2015.
  24. ^ a b Wassana, Nanuam (1 July 2016). "Navy submits B36bn plan to buy subs". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2016-07-01.
  25. ^ Voytenko, Mikhail (19 December 2017). "Chinese AIP submarines not the best choice". Maritime Bulletin. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  26. ^ Mark, Eugene (20 July 2016). "Does Thailand Really Need Submarines?". The Diplomat. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  27. ^ "Thailand approves $393-mln purchase of Chinese submarines". Reuters. 24 April 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
  28. ^ Macan-Markar, Marwaan (2 February 2017). "Thailand and China: Brothers in arms". Nikkei Asian Review. Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  29. ^ a b Nanuam, Wassana (7 March 2017). "Navy wants 3 dockyards for submarines". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
  30. ^ Martinez, Staff Sgt. Alexander (29 May 2015). "Thai and USA forces combine to help earthquake victims in Nepal". Pattaya Mail. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
  31. ^ "Nepal Earthquake Relief Effort Named 'Operation Sahayogi Haat'" (News release) (Press release). Kathmandu, Nepal: Joint Task Force 505. 10 May 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  32. ^ "Operation Sahayogi Haat / Helping Hand". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
  33. ^ "Nepal Earthquake Relief Effort Named 'Operation Sahayogi Haat'". Nepal Foreign Affairs. 10 May 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
  34. ^ "Joint Task Force Activates for Nepal Earthquake Relief". Marine Corps Forces Pacific News Release. US Department of Defense. 6 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.

Sources[]

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Library of Congress document: Barbara Leitch LePoer, ed. (September 1987). "Thailand: A country study". Federal Research Division.

External links[]