This article is about the year 1916. For the album by Motörhead, see
1916 (album) .
Year
1916 by topic
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Birth and death categories
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1916 (MCMXVI )
was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar , the 1916th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 916th year of the 2nd millennium , the 16th year of the 20th century , and the 7th year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1916, the Gregorian calendar was
13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Events [ ]
Below, the events of the First World War have the "WWI" prefix.
January [ ]
February [ ]
March [ ]
April [ ]
April – The toggle light switch is invented, by William J. Newton and Morris Goldberg.
April 11 – WWI: The Egyptian Expionary Force begins the occupation of the Sinai Peninsula .
April 20 – The Chicago Cubs play their first game at Weeghman Park (modern-day Wrigley Field ), defeating the Cincinnati Reds 7–6 in 11 innings.
April 22 – The Chinese troop transport SS Hsin-Yu capsizes off the Chinese coast; at least 1,000 are killed.
April 24 –30 – The Easter Rising occurs in Ireland. Members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood proclaim an Irish Republic , and the Irish Volunteers and Irish Citizen Army occupy the General Post Office and other buildings in Dublin , before surrendering to the British Army.
April 24 –May 10 – Voyage of the James Caird : An open boat journey from Elephant Island in the South Shetland Islands to South Georgia in the southern Atlantic Ocean (800 nautical miles (1,500 km; 920 mi)) is undertaken by Sir Ernest Shackleton and five companions, to obtain rescue for the main body of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expion , following the loss of its ship Endurance .
April 27 – WWI: Gas attack at Hulluch in France: The 47th Brigade, 16th (Irish) Division is decimated, in one of the most heavily concentrated German gas attacks of the war.
April 29 – WWI – Mesopotamian campaign : The Siege of Kut ends with the surrender of British forces to the Ottoman Empire , at Kut-al-Amara on the Tigris in Basra Vilayet .
May [ ]
June [ ]
July [ ]
July 1 –November 18 – WWI: Battle of the Somme , opening with explosion of the British Y Sap mine and the Battle of Albert : More than one million soldiers die, with 57,470 British Empire casualties on the first day , 19,240 of them killed, the British Army's bloodiest day.[4] The immediate result is tactically inconclusive.
July 1 –12 – Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916 : At least one shark attacks 5 swimmers along 80 miles (130 km) of New Jersey coastline, resulting in 4 deaths and the survival of one youth, who requires limb amputation. This event is the inspiration for author Peter Benchley , over half a century later, to write Jaws .
July 2 – WWI: Battle of Erzincan – Russian forces defeat troops of the Ottoman Empire in Armenia .
July 15 – In Seattle , William Boeing incorporates Pacific Aero Products (later renamed Boeing ).
July 15 –19 – WWI: Battle of Delville Wood – 766 men from the South African Brigade are killed, in South Africa's biggest loss during the First World War.
July 19 –20 – WWI: Battle of Fromelles – An attack by Australian and British troops is repulsed by the German army, with heavy casualties.
July 22 – Preparedness Day Bombing : In San Francisco, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a Preparedness Day parade, killing 10 and injuring 40; Warren Billings and Tom Mooney are later wrongly convicted of it.
July 26 – WWI: East African Campaign – The German armed ship SMS Graf von Goetzen scuttles herself on Lake Tanganyika .
July 29 – Matheson Fire : In Ontario , Canada, a lightning strike ignites a forest fire that destroys the towns of Cochrane and Matheson , killing 233.
July 30 – German agents cause the Black Tom explosion in Jersey City, New Jersey , an act of sabotage destroying an ammunition depot and killing at least 7 people.
August [ ]
September [ ]
September 1 – Bulgaria declares war on Romania , going on to take Dobruja .
September 2 – WWI: British pilot Leefe Robinson becomes the first to shoot down a German airship over Britain.
September 4 – WWI: East African Campaign – Dar es Salaam surrenders to British Empire forces, securing them control of the Central Line of railway through German East Africa .
September 5 – D. W. Griffith 's film Intolerance: Love's Struggle Through the Ages is released in the United States.
September 6 – The first true self-service grocery store , Piggly Wiggly , is founded in Memphis, Tennessee , by Clarence Saunders , opening 5 days later.[5]
September 11 – A mechanical failure causes the central span of the Quebec Bridge , a cantilever -type structure, to crash into the Saint Lawrence River for the second time, killing 13 workers.
September 13 – Mary , a circus elephant, is hanged in the town of Erwin, Tennessee for killing her handler, Walter "Red" Eldridge.
September 15 –22 – WWI – Battle of Flers–Courcelette , France: The battle is significant for the first use of the tank in warfare; also for the debut of the Canadian and New Zealand Divisions in the Battle of the Somme .
September 19 – WWI: East African Campaign – Belgian troops occupy Tabora in German East Africa .
September 27 – Iyasu V of Ethiopia is deposed in a palace coup, in favour of his aunt Zewditu .
October [ ]
Troops from New Zealand during WWI.
November [ ]
December [ ]
Date unknown [ ]
Sport [ ]
In fiction [ ]
Births [ ]
January [ ]
January 1
January 2 – Joseph W. Schmitt , American aircraft mechanic and spacesuit technician (d. 2017 )
January 3
January 4
January 5
January 7
January 9 – Peter Twinn , English mathematician and WWII code-breaker (d. 2004 )
January 10
January 12
January 15 – Hugh Gibb , English drummer (d. 1992 )
January 17
January 18 – Silviu Brucan , Romanian author and politician (d. 2006 )
January 19 – Harry Huskey , American computer designer (d. 2017 )
January 22 – Henri Dutilleux , French composer (d. 2013 )
January 23 – David Douglas Duncan , American photojournalist (d. 2018 )
January 24
January 27 – Stjepan Filipović , a People's Hero of Yugoslavia (d.1942 )
January 28 – Dottie Hunter , Canadian baseball player (d. 2005 )
January 31 – Sangoulé Lamizana , 2nd President and Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (d. 2005 )
February [ ]
March [ ]
March 1 – Emelyn Whiton , American Olympic sailor (d. 1962 )
March 2 – George E. Bria , Italian-American journalist (d. 2017 )
March 3 – Paul Halmos , Hungarian-born mathematician (d. 2006 )
March 4
March 5 – Jack Hamm , American cartoonist (d. 1996 )
March 6 – Rochelle Hudson , American actress (d. 1972 )
March 7 – Marie-Thérèse Bourquin , Belgian lawyer (d. 2018 )
March 10 – Ethel Bush , British police officer (d. 2016 )
March 11 – Harold Wilson , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1995 )
March 13
March 14 – Horton Foote , American writer (d. 2009 )
March 15
March 16
March 17
March 19 – Irving Wallace , American novelist (d. 1990 )
March 20 – Pierre Messmer , French politician (d. 2007 )
March 24 – Donald Hamilton , Swedish-born writer (d. 2006 )
March 26
March 29
March 31 – Lucille Bliss , American voice actor (d. 2012 )
April [ ]
April 1 – Balilla Lombardi , Italian professional football player (d. 1987 )
April 2 – Menachem Porush , member of Israeli Knesset for Agudat Yisrael (d. 2010 )
April 3
April 4
April 5
April 10 – Lee Jung-seob , Korean oil painter (d. 1956 )
April 11
April 12
April 13 – Phyllis Fraser , American actor and publisher (d. 2006 )
April 14 – Pehr Victor Edman , Swedish chemist (d.1977 )
April 15
April 16 – Hon Sui Sen , Malaysian-Singaporean politician (d. 1983 )
April 17
April 18
April 19
April 21
April 22 – Yehudi Menuhin , American-born violinist (d. 1999 )
April 24
April 25 – R. J. Rushdoony , American founder of Christian Reconstructionism (d. 2001 )
April 26
April 28 – Ferruccio Lamborghini , Italian automobile manufacturer (d. 1993 )
April 29 – Ramón Amaya Amador , Honduran author (d.1966 )
April 30
May [ ]
June [ ]
June 3 – Jack Manning , American film, stage and television actor (d. 2009 )
June 4 – Robert F. Furchgott , American chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2009 )
June 5 – Eddie Joost , baseball player and manager (d. 2011 )
June 6 – Hamani Diori , former President of Niger (d. 1989 )
June 8 – Francis Crick , English molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004 )
June 9
June 11 – Bob Berry , New Zealand dendrologist (d. 2018 )
June 12 – Raúl Héctor Castro , American politician (d. 2015 )
June 13 – Ronald Atkins , Welsh politician
June 14 – Dorothy McGuire , American actress (d. 2001 )
June 15
June 16 – Phil Chambers , American actor (d. 1993 )
June 17 – Einar Englund , Finnish composer (d. 1999 )
June 18
June 21
June 22
June 23
June 24
June 25 – Thomas Reddin , American police (d. 2004 )
June 26
June 27
June 28
June 29
July [ ]
August [ ]
August 1
August 2 – Zein Al-Sharaf Talal , Queen of Jordan (d. 1994 )
August 3 – Hertha Feiler , Austrian actress (d. 1970 )
August 5 – Kermit Love , American puppeteer (d. 2008 )
August 6 – Dom Mintoff , Prime Minister of Malta (d. 2012 )
August 7
August 8 – Shigeo Arai , Japanese freestyle swimmer (d. 1944 )
August 9 – Manea Mănescu , 50th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 2009 )
August 10 – Lorna McDonald , Australian historian and author (d. 2017 )
August 11
August 12 – Ralph Nelson , American film and television director, producer, writer, and actor (d. 1987 )
August 14
August 16
August 18 – Neagu Djuvara , Romanian historian, essayist, and diplomat (d. 2018 )
August 19 – Dennis Poore , British entrepreneur, financier and racing driver (d. 1987 )
August 20
August 21
August 22
August 24
August 25
August 27
August 28
August 29 – Luther Davis , American screenwriter (d. 2008 )
August 30
August 31
September [ ]
September 1
September 3 – Tommy J. Smith , Australian trainer (d. 1998 )
September 5 – Allan Louisy , 2nd Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (d. 2011 )
September 7 – Shen Panwen , Chinese chemist (d. 2017 )
September 12
September 13 – Roald Dahl , Welsh-born author (d. 1990 )
September 14
September 15
September 16 – Frank Leslie Walcott , Barbadian labour leader (d. 1999 )
September 17 – Mary Stewart , born Mary Rainbow, English-born fantasy and mystery writer (d. 2014 )
September 18 – John Jacob Rhodes , American politician and lawyer (d. 2003 )
September 21 – Zinovy Gerdt , Russian actor (d. 1996 )
September 23 – Aldo Moro , Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1978 )
September 24 – Ruth Leach Amonette , American businesswoman (d. 2004 )
September 27
September 28 – Peter Finch , English-born Australian actor (d. 1977 )
October [ ]
October 2 – Jim L. Gillis Jr. , American politician (d. 2018 )
October 3
October 4 – Vitaly Ginzburg , Russian physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2009 )
October 7 – Sir Hereward Wake, 14th Baronet , British army officer (d. 2017 )
October 9 – Robert Brubaker , American actor (d. 2010 )
October 10
October 11 – Maurice Gaffney , Irish barrister (d. 2016 )
October 12 – Alice Childress , American actress, playwright, and novelist (d. 1994 )
October 14 – C. Everett Koop , United States Surgeon General (d. 2013 )
October 15 – Hassan Gouled Aptidon , President of Djibouti (d. 2006 )
October 19
October 21 – Eddie Carnett , American baseball player (d. 2016 )
October 25 – Thérèse Kleindienst , French librarian (d. 2018 )
October 26 – François Mitterrand , President of France (d. 1996 )
October 30 – Leon Day , American baseball player (d. 1995 )
October 31 – Carl Johan Bernadotte , Prince of Sweden (d. 2012 )
November [ ]
November 4 – Walter Cronkite , American television journalist (d. 2009 )
November 5 – Jim Tabor , American baseball player (d. 1953 )
November 6 – Harry Blamires , British Anglican theologian, literary critic and novelist (d. 2017 )
November 8 – Lady Ursula d'Abo , English socialite (d. 2017 )
November 10 – Louis le Brocquy , Irish painter (d. 2012 )
November 11 – Robert Carr , English politician (d. 2012 )
November 12 – Rogelio de la Rosa , Filipino actor and politician (d. 1986 )
November 14 – Sherwood Schwartz , American television writer and producer (d. 2011 )
November 15 – Bill Melendez , American animator (d. 2008 )
November 16 – Daws Butler , American voice actor (d. 1988 )
November 17 – Shelby Foote , American historian and novelist, author of The Civil War: A Narrative (d. 2005 )
November 20 – Hamida Habibullah , Indian politician (d. 2018 )
November 23
November 24
November 25 – Cosmo Haskard , Irish-born former British colonial administrator and retired British Army officer (d. 2017 )
November 26 – Gerhard Unger , German tenor (d. 2011 )
November 27 – Chick Hearn , American basketball announcer (d. 2002 )
November 28
November 29 – Fran Ryan , American actress (d. 2000 )
November 30 – John C. Harkness , American architect (d. 2016 )
December [ ]
December 1 – Wan Li , Chinese government official (d. 2015 )
December 5 – Hilary Koprowski , Polish virologist and immunologist (d. 2013 )
December 6
December 7
December 8
December 9
December 11 – Dámaso Pérez Prado , Cuban musician (d. 1989 )
December 12 – Anne Vermeer , Dutch politician (d. 2018 )
December 14 – Shirley Jackson , American writer (d. 1965 )
December 15 – Maurice Wilkins , New Zealand-born physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004 )
December 16 – Birgitta Valberg , Swedish actress (d. 2014 )
December 18
December 19
December 20 – Morrie Schwartz , American professor (d. 1995 )
December 21 – Arsène Tchakarian , Armenian-French resistance fighter (d. 2018 )
December 24
December 25
December 27 – Cathy Lewis , American actress (d. 1968 )
Date Unknown [ ]
Deaths [ ]
January [ ]
January 1
January 2 – Felix Sarda y Salvany , Spanish Roman Catholic priest and writer (b. 1844 )
January 5 – Ulpiano Checa , Spanish painter, sculptor and illustrator (b. 1860 )
January 7 – Andrés Baquero , Spanish teacher and writer (b. 1853 )
January 8 – Rembrandt Bugatti , Italian sculptor (b. 1884 )
January 9 – Ada Rehan , Irish-born American Shakespearean actress (b. 1859 )
January 10 – Guido Baccelli , Italian physician (b. 1830 )
January 11
January 12
January 13
January 14 – Otto Ammon , German anthropologist (b. 1842 )
January 15 – Vojtech Alexander , Slovakian radiologist (b. 1857 )
January 16
January 17 – Arthur V. Johnson , American actor and director (b. 1876 )
January 18 – Lorenzo Latorre , Uruguayan officer and politician, 11th President of Uruguay (b. 1844 )
January 19 – Antoine Simon , French composer (b. 1850 )
January 20 – Ephraim Francis Baldwin , American architect (b. 1837 )
January 30 – Sir Clements Markham , British explorer and geographer (b. 1830 )
February [ ]
February 3 – Metropolitan Ioan Mețianu (b. 1828 )
February 6 – Rubén Darío , Nicaraguan writer (b. 1867 )
February 7
February 12 – Richard Dedekind , German mathematician (b. 1831 )
February 13
February 18 – Hans Schmidt , German Roman Catholic priest and martyr (executed) (b. 1881 )
February 19 – Ernst Mach , Austrian physicist and philosopher (b. 1838 )
February 20 – Klas Pontus Arnoldson , Swedish writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1844 )
February 21 – Karl Begas , German sculptor (b. 1845 )
February 23
February 25 – David Bowman , Australian politician (b. 1860 )
February 26 – Tomasa Ortiz Real , Spanish Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1842 )
February 27 – Ugo Balzani , Italian historian (b. 1847 )
February 28 – Henry James , American writer (b. 1843 )
March [ ]
April [ ]
May [ ]
May 1 – Lydia Zvereva , first Russian woman to earn a pilot's license (b. 1890 )
May 2 – Jules Blanchard , French sculptor (b. 1832 )
May 3 – Padraig Pearse , Irish nationalist (executed) (b. 1879 )
May 4 – Hector Sévin , Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1852 )
May 6 – Hans Chiari , Austrian pathologist (b. 1851 )
May 8
May 11
May 12 – James Connolly , Irish socialist (executed) (b. 1868 )
May 13
May 19 – Georges Boillot , French Grand Prix driver (killed in battle) (b. 1884 )
May 21 – Artúr Görgei , Hungarian military general and politician (b. 1818 )
May 23 – Vladimír Jindřich Bufka , Czechoslovak photographer (b. 1887 )
May 27 – Joseph Gallieni , French general (b. 1849 )
May 28 – Ivan Franko , Ukrainian political activist (b. 1856 )
May 31 – Horace Hood , British admiral (killed in action) (b. 1870 )
June [ ]
June 2 – Paul von Bruns , German surgeon (b. 1846 )
June 5 – Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener , British field marshal and statesman (drowned) (b. 1850 )
June 6 – Yuan Shikai , Chinese military official and politician, Emperor of China and 1st President of the Republic of China (b. 1859 )
June 7
June 9 – Richard C. Saufley , American naval aviation pioneer (b. 1884 )
June 12 – Silvanus P. Thompson , English professor of physics, electrical engineer, member of the Royal Society and author (b. 1851 )
June 17 – Edwin Monroe Bacon , English writer (b. 1844 )
June 18
June 22 – Tanaka Yoshio , Japanese naturalist (b. 1838 )
June 24 – Victor Chapman , French-born American fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1890 )
June 25 – Thomas Eakins , American realist painter (b. 1844 )
June 29 – Georges Lacombe , French painter (b. 1868 )
June 30 – Russell Barton , British-born Australian politician (b. 1830 )
July [ ]
July 1 – Eugene Bourdon , Belgian architect (b. 1870 )
July 2 – Mikhail Pomortsev , Russian meteorologist (b. 1851 )
July 3
July 6 – Odilon Redon , French painter (b. 1840 )
July 7 – Margarethe Hormuth-Kallmorgen , German painter (b. 1835 )
July 12 – Cesare Battisti , Italian patriot, geographer and politician (b. 1875 )
July 15 – Élie Metchnikoff , Russian microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1845 )
July 16 – Regino Garcia , Filipino artist (b. 1840 )
July 20 – Reinhard Sorge , German dramatist and poet (killed in battle) (b. 1892 )
July 22 – James Whitcomb Riley , American poet (b. 1849 )
July 23 – Sir William Ramsay , British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852 )
July 26
July 27
July 29 – Claude Charles Castleton , Australian VC recipient (killed in battle) (b. 1893 )
August [ ]
August 3 – Roger Casement , Irish nationalist (executed) (b. 1864 )
August 5 – George Butterworth , English composer (b. 1885 )
August 7 – Kittredge Haskins , American lawyer and politician, U.S. House of Representatives from Vermont (b. 1836 )
August 8
August 9 – Guido Gozzano , Italian poet and writer (b. 1883 )
August 13 – Pierre de Ségur , French historian (b. 1853 )
August 17 – Umberto Boccioni , Italian painter and sculptor (b. 1882 )
August 18 – Marcel Brindejonc des Moulinais , French aviator (b. 1892 )
August 30 – Alexander Boarman , American judge, U.S. House of Representatives of Louisiana (b. 1839 )
August 31 – Martha McClellan Brown , American activist (b. 1838 )
September [ ]
October [ ]
November [ ]
November 1 – Prince Franz Anton von Thun und Hohenstein , Austrian noble and statesman, former Prime Minister (b. 1847 )
November 2 – Prince Mircea of Romania (b. 1913 )
November 3 – August Lindberg , Swedish actor, director and manager (b. 1846 )
November 4 – John Bingham, 5th Baron Clanmorris , Irish peer (b. 1838 )
November 5 – Francesco Salesio Della Volpe , Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1844 )
November 6 – Sultan Ali Dinar (b. 1856 )
November 8 – Prince Heinrich of Bavaria (b. 1884 )
November 9
November 10 – Walter Sutton , American geneticist and physician (b. 1877 )
November 11
November 12 – Percival Lowell , American astronomer (b. 1855 )
November 14
November 15 – Henryk Sienkiewicz , Polish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1846 )
November 21 – Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria (b. 1830 )
November 22 – Jack London , American author (b. 1876 )
November 23 – Lanoe Hawker VC , British World War I fighter ace, killed in action by Manfred von Richthofen (b. 1890 )
November 24
November 27 – Emile Verhaeren , Belgian poet (b. 1855 )
November 28 – Martinus Theunis Steyn , Boer lawyer, politician, and statesman, sixth and last President of the Orange Free State (1896-1902) (b. 1857 )
November 30 – Demetrio Alonso Castrillo , Spanish politician (b. 1841 )
December [ ]
December 1 – Charles de Foucauld , French Roman Catholic religious professed, priest and blessed (b. 1858 )
December 2
December 4 – Paul Allard , French archaeologist and historian (b. 1841 )
December 5
December 6 – Signe Hornborg , Finnish architect (b. 1856 )
December 8 – John Porter Merrell , American admiral (b. 1846 )
December 9
December 10 – Ōyama Iwao , Japanese field marshal and a founder of the Imperial Japanese Army (b. 1842 )
December 11
December 12 – Edwin Atlee Barber , American archaeologist (b. 1851 )
December 14 – Nicolai Soloviev , Russian composer (b. 1846 )
December 15 – José Maria de Alpoim , Portuguese journalist (b. 1857 )
December 16
December 18
December 19
December 22 – George A. Woodward , American general (b. 1835 )
December 25
December 28 – Eduard Strauss , Austrian composer (b. 1835 )
December 30
Nobel Prizes [ ]
References [ ]
Further reading [ ]
Williams, John. The Other Battleground The Home Fronts: Britain, France and Germany 1914-1918 (1972) pp 109–74.
Primary sources and year books [ ]