# 0 21 polytope

 Rectified 5-cell Schlegel diagram with the 5 tetrahedral cells shown. Type Uniform 4-polytope Schläfli symbol t1{3,3,3} or r{3,3,3}{32,1} = ${\displaystyle \left\{{\begin{array}{l}3\\3,3\end{array}}\right\}}$ Coxeter-Dynkin diagram Cells 10 5 {3,3} 5 3.3.3.3 Faces 30 {3} Edges 30 Vertices 10 Vertex figure Triangular prism Symmetry group A4, [3,3,3], order 120 Petrie Polygon Pentagon Properties convex, isogonal, isotoxal Uniform index 1 2 3

In four-dimensional geometry, the rectified 5-cell is a uniform 4-polytope composed of 5 regular tetrahedral and 5 regular octahedral cells. Each edge has one tetrahedron and two octahedra. Each vertex has two tetrahedra and three octahedra. In total it has 30 triangle faces, 30 edges, and 10 vertices. Each vertex is surrounded by 3 octahedra and 2 tetrahedra; the vertex figure is a triangular prism.

The vertex figure of the rectified 5-cell is a uniform triangular prism, formed by three octahedra around the sides, and two tetrahedra on the opposite ends.[1]

## Wythoff construction[]

Seen in a configuration matrix, all incidence counts between elements are shown. The diagonal f-vector numbers are derived through the Wythoff construction, dividing the full group order of a subgroup order by removing one mirror at a time.[2]

A4 k-face fk f0 f1 f2 f3 k-figure Notes
A2A1 ( ) f0 10 6 3 6 3 2 {3}x{ } A4/A2A1 = 5!/3!/2 = 10
A1A1 { } f1 2 30 1 2 2 1 { }v( ) A4/A1A1 = 5!/2/2 = 30
A2A1 {3} f2 3 3 10 * 2 0 { } A4/A2A1 = 5!/3!/2 = 10
A2 3 3 * 20 1 1 A4/A2 = 5!/3! = 20
A3 r{3,3} f3 6 12 4 4 5 * ( ) A4/A3 = 5!/4! = 5
A3 {3,3} 4 6 0 4 * 5

## Structure[]

Together with the simplex and 24-cell, this shape and its dual (a polytope with ten vertices and ten triangular bipyramid facets) was one of the first 2-simple 2-simplicial 4-polytopes known. This means that all of its two-dimensional faces, and all of the two-dimensional faces of its dual, are triangles. In 1997, Tom Braden found another dual pair of examples, by gluing two rectified 5-cells together; since then, infinitely many 2-simple 2-simplicial polytopes have been constructed.[3][4]

## Semiregular polytope[]

It is one of three semiregular 4-polytope made of two or more cells which are Platonic solids, discovered by Thorold Gosset in his 1900 paper. He called it a tetroctahedric for being made of tetrahedron and octahedron cells.[5]

E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, labeling it as tC5.

## Alternate names[]

• Tetroctahedric (Thorold Gosset)
• Dispentachoron
• Rectified 5-cell (Norman W. Johnson)
• Rectified 4-simplex
• Fully truncated 4-simplex
• Rectified pentachoron (Acronym: rap) (Jonathan Bowers)
• Ambopentachoron (Neil Sloane & John Horton Conway)
• (5,2)-hypersimplex (the convex hull of five-dimensional (0,1)-vectors with exactly two ones)

## Images[]

orthographic projections
Ak
Coxeter plane
A4 A3 A2
Graph
Dihedral symmetry [5] [4] [3]
 stereographic projection(centered on octahedron) Net (polytope) Tetrahedron-centered perspective projection into 3D space, with nearest tetrahedron to the 4D viewpoint rendered in red, and the 4 surrounding octahedra in green. Cells lying on the far side of the polytope have been culled for clarity (although they can be discerned from the edge outlines). The rotation is only of the 3D projection image, in order to show its structure, not a rotation in 4D space.

## Coordinates[]

The Cartesian coordinates of the vertices of an origin-centered rectified 5-cell having edge length 2 are:

More simply, the vertices of the rectified 5-cell can be positioned on a hyperplane in 5-space as permutations of (0,0,0,1,1) or (0,0,1,1,1). These construction can be seen as positive orthant facets of the rectified pentacross or birectified penteract respectively.

## Related 4-polytopes[]

This polytope is the vertex figure of the 5-demicube, and the edge figure of the uniform 221 polytope.

It is also one of 9 Uniform 4-polytopes constructed from the [3,3,3] Coxeter group.

Name 5-cell truncated 5-cell rectified 5-cell cantellated 5-cell bitruncated 5-cell cantitruncated 5-cell runcinated 5-cell runcitruncated 5-cell omnitruncated 5-cell
Schläfli
symbol
{3,3,3}
3r{3,3,3}
t{3,3,3}
2t{3,3,3}
r{3,3,3}
2r{3,3,3}
rr{3,3,3}
r2r{3,3,3}
2t{3,3,3} tr{3,3,3}
t2r{3,3,3}
t0,3{3,3,3} t0,1,3{3,3,3}
t0,2,3{3,3,3}
t0,1,2,3{3,3,3}
Coxeter
diagram

Schlegel
diagram
A4
Coxeter plane
Graph
A3 Coxeter plane
Graph
A2 Coxeter plane
Graph

### Related polytopes and honeycombs[]

The rectified 5-cell is second in a dimensional series of semiregular polytopes. Each progressive uniform polytope is constructed as the vertex figure of the previous polytope. Thorold Gosset identified this series in 1900 as containing all regular polytope facets, containing all simplexes and orthoplexes (tetrahedrons and octahedrons in the case of the rectified 5-cell). The Coxeter symbol for the rectified 5-cell is 021.

#### Isotopic polytopes[]

Isotopic uniform truncated simplices
Dim. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Name
Coxeter
Hexagon
=
t{3} = {6}
Octahedron
=
r{3,3} = {31,1} = {3,4}
${\displaystyle \left\{{\begin{array}{l}3\\3\end{array}}\right\}}$
Decachoron

2t{33}
Dodecateron

2r{34} = {32,2}
${\displaystyle \left\{{\begin{array}{l}3,3\\3,3\end{array}}\right\}}$

3t{35}

3r{36} = {33,3}
${\displaystyle \left\{{\begin{array}{l}3,3,3\\3,3,3\end{array}}\right\}}$

4t{37}
Images
Vertex figure ( )v( )
{ }×{ }

{ }v{ }

{3}×{3}

{3}v{3}
{3,3}x{3,3}
{3,3}v{3,3}
Facets {3} t{3,3} r{3,3,3} 2t{3,3,3,3} 2r{3,3,3,3,3} 3t{3,3,3,3,3,3}
As
intersecting
dual
simplexes

## Notes[]

1. ^ Conway, 2008
2. ^ Klitzing, Richard. "o3x4o3o - rap".
3. ^ Eppstein, David; Kuperberg, Greg; Ziegler, Günter M. (2003), "Fat 4-polytopes and fatter 3-spheres", in Bezdek, Andras, Discrete Geometry: In honor of W. Kuperberg's 60th birthday, Pure and Applied Mathematics, 253, Marcel Dekker, pp. 239–265, arXiv:.
4. ^ Paffenholz, Andreas; Ziegler, Günter M. (2004), "The Et-construction for lattices, spheres and polytopes", Discrete & Computational Geometry, 32 (4): 601–621, arXiv:, doi:10.1007/s00454-004-1140-4, MR 2096750.
5. ^ Gosset, 1900

## References[]

• T. Gosset: On the Regular and Semi-Regular Figures in Space of n Dimensions, Messenger of Mathematics, Macmillan, 1900
• J.H. Conway and M.J.T. Guy: Four-Dimensional Archimedean Polytopes, Proceedings of the Colloquium on Convexity at Copenhagen, page 38 and 39, 1965
• H.S.M. Coxeter:
• H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd Edition, Dover New York, 1973
• Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H.S.M. Coxeter, ed by F. Arthur Sherk, Peter McMullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivic Weiss, Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1995, ISBN 978-0-471-01003-6 [1]
• (Paper 22) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi Regular Polytopes I, [Math. Zeit. 46 (1940) 380-407, MR 2,10]
• (Paper 23) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes II, [Math. Zeit. 188 (1985) 559-591]
• (Paper 24) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes III, [Math. Zeit. 200 (1988) 3-45]
• Norman Johnson Uniform Polytopes, Manuscript (1991)
• N.W. Johnson: The Theory of Uniform Polytopes and Honeycombs, Ph.D. (1966)
• John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strauss, The Symmetries of Things 2008, ISBN 978-1-56881-220-5 (Chapter 26)