(12) Victoria
 | |
| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | John Russell Hind |
| Discovery date | 13 September 1850 |
| Designations | |
| (12) Victoria | |
| Pronunciation | /vɪkˈtɔːriə/[1] |
Named after | Victoria (Latin: Uictōria) |
| Main belt | |
| Adjectives | Victorian |
| Orbital characteristics[2] | |
| Epoch 13 January 2016 (JD 2457400.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 60430 days (165.45 yr) |
| Aphelion | 2.84931 AU (426.251 Gm) |
| Perihelion | 1.81758 AU (271.906 Gm) |
| 2.33344 AU (349.078 Gm) | |
| Eccentricity | 0.22108 |
| 3.56 yr (1302.0 d) | |
Average orbital speed | 19.50 km/s |
| 161.809° | |
| 0° 16m 35.429s / day | |
| Inclination | 8.36859° |
| 235.482° | |
| 69.5103° | |
| Earth MOID | 0.821096 AU (122.8342 Gm) |
| Jupiter MOID | 2.42194 AU (362.317 Gm) |
| TJupiter | 3.522 |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | c/a = 0.69±0.03[3] |
Mean diameter | 116±2 km[3] 112.8 ± 3.1 km (IRAS)[2] 124.09 ± 8.31 km[4] |
| Mass | (2.7±1.3)×1018 kg[3] (2.45±0.46)×1018 kg[4] |
Mean density | 3.4±1.7 g/cm3[3] 2.45±0.67 g/cm3[4] |
Equatorial surface gravity | 0.0315 m/s² |
Equatorial escape velocity | 0.0596 km/s |
| 8.6599 h (0.36083 d)[2] | |
| 0.167 (calculated)[3] 0.1765 ± 0.010[2] | |
| Temperature | ~178 K |
| S-type asteroid[2] | |
| 8.68[5] to 12.82 | |
| 7.24[2] | |
| 0.188" to 0.04" | |
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Victoria (minor planet designation: 12 Victoria) is a large main-belt asteroid, orbiting the Sun with a period of 3.56 years and an eccentricity of 0.221. It is a stony (S-type) asteroid, about 112–124 km across with an albedo of 0.18 and a rotation period of 8.66 hours. Victoria has been observed to occult a star three times since its discovery. Radar and speckle interferometry observations show that the shape of Victoria is elongated, and it is suspected to be a binary asteroid, with a moon of irregular shape.[6]
This minor planet was discovered by English astronomer J. R. Hind on September 13, 1850. Victoria is officially named after the Roman goddess of victory, but the name also honours Queen Victoria. The goddess Victoria (Nike for the Greeks) was the daughter of Styx by the Titan Pallas. The coincidence with the name of the then-reigning queen caused quite a controversy at the time, and B. A. Gould, or of the prestigious Astronomical Journal, adopted the alternate name Clio (now used by 84 Klio), proposed by the discoverer. However, W. C. Bond, of the Harvard College Observatory, then the highest authority on astronomy in America, held that the mythological condition was fulfilled and the name therefore acceptable, and his opinion eventually prevailed.[7]
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See also[]
References[]
- ^ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
- ^ a b c d e f "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 12 Victoria" (2008-11-06 last obs). Retrieved 8 April 2016.
- ^ a b c d e P. Vernazza et al. (2021) VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of the largest main-belt asteroids: Final results and synthesis. Astronomy & Astrophysics 54, A56
- ^ a b c Carry, B. (December 2012). "Density of asteroids". Planetary and Space Science. 73: 98–118. arXiv:1203.4336. Bibcode:2012P&SS...73...98C. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) See Table 1. - ^ "AstDys (12) Victoria Ephemerides". Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
- ^ Other reports of asteroid/TNO companions
- ^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). Dictionary of minor planet names. Vol. 1 (5th ed.). Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 16. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_13. ISBN 3-540-00238-3.
External links[]
- "Elements and Ephemeris for (12) Victoria". Minor Planet Center. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. (displays Elong from Sun and V mag for 2011)
- 12 Victoria at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
- 12 Victoria at the JPL Small-Body Database
