'Adiyy ibn Hatim

Adi ibn Hatim (Arabic: عدي بن حاتم الطائي) was a leader of the Arab tribe of Tayy, and one of the companions of Muhammad. He was the son of the poet Hatim al-Tai^[1] who was widely known for his chivalry and generosity among Arabs. Adi remained antagonistic to Islam for about twenty years until he converted to Islam ^[2] in 630 (9th year of Hijri).^[3]

Biography[]

Adiyy inherited the domain of his father and was confirmed in the position by the Tayy people. A great part of his strength lay in the fact that a quarter of any amount they gained as booty from raiding expions had to be given to him.

Before Islam[]

Before being preached personally by prophet Muhammad during an encounter with the latter, according to his own words, Adi was practitioner of Rakusiyya, which spelled Rekusi according to Adil Salahi.^[4] Rakusiyya was a particular syncretic sect which adhered both the teaching of Christianity of Jesus and the Judaism follower of Zechariah.^[4] However, according to linguists and lexicon expert in Egypt who observed the Hadith conversation between Adi and Muhammad, Rakusiyyah were a syncretic mixture between christian and Sabians religion.^[5]

Professor Clement Huart has theorized this sect was linked to Manichaeism due to the syncretic nature of the sect.^[6] According to Dr. Khalid Basalamah, the sect was regarded as heretic by official Eastern Orthodox Church of Byzantine, so Adi has to practice it in secrecy, out of fear from the persecution from his Byzantine overlord.^[7]

After Islam[]

After being convinced about the error of his faith according to Islam, Adi converted to Islam.^[4]

Adi joined the Islamic army at the time of caliph Abu Bakr. He fought wars of revolt against the apostates and also was a commander of the Islamic army sent to invade Iraq under the command of Khalid ibn al-Walid.

Adi were also among Muslim soldiers that participated in Khalid legendary desert crossing from Iraq to Levant.^[8] As Khalid reached Levant, he then sent by Khalid to Medina to brought a portion of fifth of the spoils of war for caliph Abu Bakar.^[8]

He also fought on the side of Ali ibn Abi Talib, at the Battle of Camel and Battle of Siffin.

Legacy[]

Scholars of Islam has recorded many hadith of the prophet which narrated by Adi, which consisted of Bukhari, Muslim, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and others^[9]

References[]

^ The Living Prophet by Syed Sulaiman Nadvi. pp. 106
^ Mohammed and the Rise of Islam By David Samuel Margoliouth. pp. 437-438
^ Muhammad: The Messenger of Islam By Hajjah Amina Adil. pp. 530
^ ^a ^b ^c Salahi, Adil (2010). Muhammad: Man and Prophet. Kube Publishing Limited. ISBN 978-0-86037-429-9. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
^ Hawramani, Ikram (1998). "الركوسية". Hawramani.com. Ikram Hawramani. Retrieved 20 December 2021. Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo, al-Mu'jam al-Wasīṭ (1998) mediator lexicon of a group of authors :(الركوسية) فرقة لَهَا دين وَمذهب بَين النَّصَارَى وَالصَّابِئِينَ وَفِي حَدِيث عدي بن حَاتِم أَنه أَتَى النَّبِي صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم فَقَالَ لَهُ (إِنَّك من أهل دين يُقَال لَهُم الركوسية)
^ Huart, Clement (1966). A history of Arabic literature. Khayats. p. 478. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
^ al-Basalamah, Khalid Abdullah Zeed. "Sirah Nabawiyyah". KhB Official. KhB Official. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
^ ^a ^b ad-Dhahabi, Shams ad-Din. Siyar A'lam Nubala. Islamweb: Islamweb. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
^ at-Tirmidzi, Muhammad; Nasiruddin al-Albani, Muhammad; an-Naisaburi, Abul Husain Muslim; ibn Ismā‘īl al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad; al-Sijistānī, Abū Dāwūd (Dā’ūd) Sulaymān; ibn Hanbal, Ahmad; Ibn Mājah al-Rabʻī al-Qazwīnī, Abū ʻAbdillāh Muḥammad. "Hadith". Sunnah.com. Darussalam;al Adabul Mufrad; Sahih Bukhari; Sahih Muslim; Jami' at-Tirmidhi; Sunan Abi Dawud; Sunan Ibn Majah; Silsalat al-Hadith as-Sahihah. Retrieved 9 October 2021.