'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr
Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Native name | Arabic: عبد الرحمن بن أبي بكر |
| Other name(s) | Ibn Abi Bakr |
| Born | c. 596 or 605 Mecca, Hejaz |
| Died | c. 675 Mecca, Umayyad Caliphate |
| Allegiance | Quraysh (624–628) Muhammad (628–632) Rashidun Caliphate (632–641) |
| Service/ | Rashidun army Rashidun cavalry |
| Years of service | 624–641 |
| Commands held |
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| Battles/wars |
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| Spouse(s) | Qurayba bint Abi Umayya |
| Children | Abu Atiq Abd Allah Muhammad Asma Umm Hakim Hafsa |
Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr (Arabic: عبد الرحمن بن أبي بكر; c. 596 or 605–675),[1] was an Arab Muslim military commander in the service of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the Rashidun caliphs Abu Bakr (r. 632–634), and Umar (r. 634–644). His mother was Umm Ruman and he was the full brother of Aisha. It is said that he had a good sense of humour.
Unlike the rest of his family, including his father Abu Bakr and sister Aisha, he did not convert to Islam until the Treaty of Hudaybiyah in 628.[2]
Four generations of the family of Abdur-Rahman had the distinction of being the companions (sahaba) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad namely Abdul-Rahman, his father Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, his grandfather Uthman Abu Quhafa and his son Abu Atiq Muhammad. It was believed that no other family held this distinction.[1]
Biography[]
While still a non-Muslim, Abdur-Rahman fought from the side of Quraish in the Battles of Badr and Uhud.
In the Battle of Badr, he had an opportunity to kill his father, Abu Bakr, but he turned in another direction. Years later, after becoming Muslim, he told his father about it. Thereupon Abu Bakr replied: "If I had had such an opportunity, I would not have spared you."[3]
In the Battle of Uhud before the fighting began, he came forward and threw down a challenge for a duel. Abu Bakr accepted the challenge, but Muhammad stopped him, saying, "Sheathe your sword, and let us continue to profit by your wise counsels."[4]
After becoming a Muslim, Abdur-Rahman participated in all the battles fought by the Muslims and gained fame as a fierce warrior, especially in the Muslim conquest of Syria. He was one of the Mubarizun champions and fought duels in the battles for the Muslim army. The mubarizun unit of the Rashidun army was composed of elite warriors who were champion swordsmen, lancers and archers. In the battlefield his role was to undermine the morale of the enemy before the beginning of the battle by slaying their champions in duels.
In the Battle of Yamama he killed Muhakkam al-Yamama, the General commanding the forces of Musaylima.
In the Battle of Yarmouk, the Commander in chief of Byzantine force chose five selected warriors from Byzantine side, and they challenged the Muslims to duel. It was Abdur-Rahman who accepted the challenge. Scores of duels were fought on the plains of Yarmouk. Abdur-Rahman killed all of them one after the other.[5]
At the Battle of Busra in Syria, he entered the city of Busra through a subterranean passage and then dashing towards the city gates opened them for the main Muslim army to enter.[6]
Later, Abdurrahman were mentioned again involved in the Muslim campaign to Bahnasa.[7] the Byzantine Sudanese forces flee to Bahnasa town and locked the gates, which then followed by the Muslims besiege the town, as the enemy were reinforced by an arrival of 50,000 according to the report of al-Maqqari.[8][9] The siege dragged for months, until Khalid ibn al Walid commanded Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, Dhiraar ibn al-Azwar and other commanders to intensify the siege and assign them to lead around 10,000 Companions of the Prophet, with 70 among them were veterans of battle of Badr.[10] Abdurrahman were mentioned as one of the Rashidun commander.[10] the Byzantines and their Copt allies showering the Rashidun army with arrows and stones, until the Rashidun overcame the defenders, as Dhiraar, the first emerge, came out from the battle with his entire body stained in blood, while confessed he personally slayed about 160 Byzantine soldiers during the battle.[10] Muslim army managed to breach the gate and storming the city and forcing surrender to the inhabitant.[Notes 1] [Notes 2] According to chronicles, the siege of Bahnasa were so fierce that in this battle alone, 5,000 Companions of the prophet (Sahabah) were perished during this battle, as the thousands of their tombs were still can be seen in the modern day.[10]
Later, the Muslim forces besieged Barqa (Cyrenaica) for about three years to no avail.[14] Then Khalid ibn al-Walid, who previously involved in the conquest of Oxyrhynchus, offered a radical plan to erect catapult which filled by cotton sacks.[14] Then as the night came and the city guard slept, Khalid ordered his best warriors including Abdul-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr, Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, his son Abdullah, Fadl ibn Abbas, Abu Mas'ud al-Badri, and Abd al-Razzaq to step into the catapult platform which filled by cotton sacks.[14] The catapult launched them one by one to the top of the wall and allowed these warriors to climb the top of the city walls, opening the gates and killing the guards, thus allowing the Muslim forces to enter and capturing the city.[14]
After his death, he was buried in Mecca.[15][citation needed].
Abdur-Rahman is the ancestor of many Albakri Al-Siddiqi families: the Al Atiqi found in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Iraq, and Siddiqui and Quraishi families in South and Central Asia. In the Horn of Africa, the [[Harari people]the udejeen clan or ciise ïbñû hutheyfi claim descent from abdul-rahman and the Sheekhaal, or Fiqi Umar Somali clan claim descent from Abdul-Rahman through Abadir Umar ar-Rida.[citation needed]
See also[]
- Sahaba
- Abu Bakr
- Siddiqui
- Bodla
- Sheekhaal
- Qallu
- Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr
- Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr
- Aisha
- Asma bint Abu Bakr
- Umm Kulthum bint Abu Bakr
- Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr
Appendix[]
Notes[]
- ^ The first version narrated the siege of Bahnasa were led by Khalid ibn al-Walid, who also brought an ex Sassanid Marzban and his 2,000 Persian convert soldiers in this campaign. The Persian Marzban suggested to Khalid to form a suicide squad who will carry a wooden box filled with mixture of sulphur and oil and placing it at the gates, ignited it and blasting the gates(or melting the iron gate, according to the original translation), allowing the Muslim army to enter the city.[11][12]
- ^ The second version were the Muslim army led by Qays ibn Harith without much details of how the Muslims managed to subdue the city. However, this source mention that Qays ibn Harith name were used temporarily to rename Oxyrhynchus for while to honor his deeds in this campaign, before being renamed to be al-Bahnasa.[13]
References[]
- ^ a b Siddiq-e-Akbar Hazrat Abu Bakr by prof. Masud ul Hassan Printed and published by A. Salam, Ferozsons Ltd 60, Shahrah-e-Quaid-e-Azam, Lahore OCLC 3478821
- ^ Siddiq-e-Akbar Hazrat Abu Bakr by prof. Masud ul Hassan Printed and Published by A. Salam, Ferozsons Ltd 60, Shahrah-e-Quaid-e-Azam, Lahore OCLC 3478821
- ^ As-Suyuti, Tarikh al-Khulafa. Translated by Jarrett, H. S. (1881). The History of the Caliphs, p. 35. Calcutta: Asiatic Society.
- ^ Siddiq-e-Akbar Hazrat Abu Bakr by prof. Masud ul Hassan Printed and Published by A. Salam Ferozsons Ltd 60, Shahrah-e-Quaid-e-Azam, Lahore OCLC 3478821
- ^ Hadrat 'Umar Faroo By prof. Masud-ul-Hassan Published by AshfaqMmirza, MD, Islamic Publications Ltd 13-E, Shah Alam Market, Lahore, Pakistan Published by Syed Afzal-ul-Haqq Quddusi, Quddusi Printers, Nasir Park, Bilal Gunj, Lahore, Pakistan
- ^ Siddiq-e-Akbar Hazrat Abu Bakr by prof. Masud ul Hassan OCLC 3478821
- ^ H. Blumell 2012, p. 295-300
- ^ Norris 1986, p. 81.
- ^ Hendrickx 2012, p. 109-110.
- ^ a b c d "دفن بها 5 آلاف صحابي.. البهنسا قبلة الزائرين من كل حدب وصوب". Gulf News. Gulf News. 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
- ^ Waqidi, Muhammad ibn Umar. "Futuh Sham, complete second version". modern comprehensive library. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ Waqidi, Muhammad ibn Umar (2008). فتوح الشام (نسخة منقحة) (Revised ed.). p. 48. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ Al Shinnawy, Mohammed (2019). "مدينة الشهداء خارج حساب محافظ المنيا" [The city of martyrs is outside the account of the governor of Minya]. Shada al-'Arab. Shada al-'Arab. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d الشاعر (2020). "البهنسا .. مدينة الشهداء وبقيع مصر" [Bahnasa .. the city of martyrs and Baqi’ of Egypt] (website news) (in Arabic). صحيفة الساعة 25 (25 O'Clock news). صحيفة الساعة 25 (25 O'Clock news). Retrieved 28 January 2022.
عبد اللطيف عبد الرحمن, أبي عبد الله محمد بن عمر/الواقدي · 2005; فتوح الشام
- ^ Siddiq-e-Akbar Hazrat Abu Bakr by prof. Masud ul Hassan Printed and Published by A. Salam, Ferozsons Ltd 60, Shahrah-e-Quaid-e-Azam, Lahore, Pakistan OCLC 3478821
Sources[]
- H. Blumell, Lincoln (2012). Epilogue. The Demise of Christian Oxyrhynchus (Biblical Studies). Brill. pp. 295–300. ISBN 9789004180987. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
Futuh al-Bahnasa al Gharra, 'the conquest of Bahnasa, the blessed', by Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Mu'izz
- Hendrickx, Benjamin (2012). "THE BORDER TROOPS OF THE ROMAN-BYZANTINE SOUTHERN EGYPTIAN LIMES: PROBLEMS AND REMARKS ON THE ROLE OF THE AFRICAN AND 'BLACK' AFRICAN MILITARY UNITS". Ekklesiastikos Pharos. 94. hdl:10520/EJC128657. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- Norris, H. T. (1986). "THE FUTŪḤ AL-BAHNASĀ: And its relation to pseudo-"Maġāzī" and "Futūḥ" literature, Arabic "Siyar" and Western Chanson de Geste in the Middle Ages". Quaderni di Studi Arabi. 4: 76–78. JSTOR 25802579. Retrieved 8 November 2021.